Although we engage in learning mathematics every day, we never stop to think about the fact someone actually took the time to figure out the structures, connections, and rules of mathematics so that we could use it without having to re-figure it out every time. Here is your task for the day. Follow these links for historical information:
http://www.agnesscott.edu/Lriddle/women/women.htm
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/index.html
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/BiogIndex.html
http://math.about.com/od/mathematicians/Mathematicians.htm
Explore some of the mathematicians or the mathematicians related to a genre of mathematics. Give us a peak into the world of three mathematicians. Be sure you understand what it is they really contributed to mathematics before you post. (This is why you may want to search by topic.)
In your write up please include the following:
Name
Era
Branch of mathematics
A interesting fact about the mathematician
How their contribution helps us today, give a real life example of the mathematics, or explain How their contribution has shown up in our studies.
You may not cut and paste. These are written in your own words in paragraph form, including correct spelling and puncuation. I can't wait to read what you find out about the eclectic world of mathematicians.
Ms. Leckman
P.S. Don't forget to make a major and minor edit to the wiki.
ENJOY YOUR BREAK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
SEE YA IN 9 DAYS. :-)
38 comments:
A.L.
Mathematician #1
Leonard Pasino Fibonacci
13th century, 1770-1250
Number theorist
Nobody knows what he looks like, so they make guesses of his appearance from his autobiographies.
He created decimal number system, which replaced the Roman numeral counting system. His system was also called the Hindu-Arabic numbering system. He used the already existing Hindu numbers 0-9, but made the decimal to make smaller place values, which were not usable with the Roman numerals.
Mathematician #2
Joseph Fourier
1786-1830
He originally trained to be a priest.
French Mathematician and physicist
He was able to show how the heat conducted in our bodies can be analyzed using mathematics. This is an infinite series called the Fourier series. This later was learned that What h had done was a correct theory to heat diffusion.
Mathematician #3
Joseph Louis Lagrange
1736-1813
He lived to be see full adulthood, which was uncommon of the time.
Helped develop today’s modern math- number theorist
He named and developed calculus. He also added to the development of the metric system of measure.
RS
The three mathmaticians that I picked were Vera Pless, Karl Gauss, and John Napier.
Vera Pless was born in 1931. She graduated from the University of Chicago. Her field was in theories. She did the quotient rings of continuous transformation rings. She worked on a coding theory. After her studies she was a teacher at MIT. She wrote :An Introduction to the Theory of Error-correcting Codes".
Karl Gauss was born in Germany in 1777. He was a child genius. He developed congruences, the method of least squares fitting, and proved quadratic recipocity. He wrote "Disquisitines Arithmeticae" which is very well-known amongst mathmeticians even though you have probably nver heard of it.
John Napier was most interesting to me. He was born in Scotland in 1550. He was anti-catholic and didn't stay in school for very long. He was interested in astronomy and needed to figure out a way that he could calculate large numbers without actually having to put all of the zeros. He made logarithms which lead to exponents. He wrote three books, one of them being "Construction of Logarithms".
JS
Margaret Wright: (February 18, 1944 - )
She received her B.S in mathematics. Then went back to Stanford to get her Ph.D in Computer Science. She then served as head of the Scientific Computing Research Department from 1997-2000. Then, in 2001 she went to work at New York University as a professor.
Wright is a mathematician who studies the fields of optimization, numerical and scientific computing, scientific and engineering applications and linear algebra. She has written two books on these subjects. Wright was elected into many different Academies: (1997) - Academy of Engineering. (2001) - American Academy of Arts and Sciences. (2005) – National Academy of Sciences. She has also won many awards: (2000) – AWM Noether Lecture. (2001) – Award of Distinguished Service to the Profession from SIAM. (2002) – Award for Distinguished Public Service from the American Mathematical Society.
“Professor Wright has been active for many years in encouraging women and minority students, for example by means of programs that brought them together with leaders and researchers from industry to discuss opportunities outside academia.”
L.N.
Ruth Gentry was born on February 22, 1826. She lived in Indiana and received her A.B. degree at Indiana State Normal in 1880. In 1890 Ruth earned a degree in mathematics from the University Michigan. Before receiving her degree she taught at a preparatory school for ten years. She spent her next few years as a Fellow in Mathematics at Bryn Mawr. She became the first mathematician and the second receiver of the Association of College Alumnae European Fellowship. Ruth tried to use her award in 1891-1892 to attend lectures at the University of Berlin, but was not allowed to enroll for a degree. She attended another semester studying mathematic lectures at the Sorbonne in Paris. Then Ruth returned to Bryn Mawr to become one of Charlotte Scott’s first graduate students. In 1896 Ruth Gentry got her Ph.D. in 1896 on the topic, “On the Forms of Plane Quartic Curves.” Her study of quartic curves was a great contribution. Quartic Curves are to be found in the various mathematical periodicals.
An interesting fact about Ruth Gentry was that she taught at Vassar College from 1896-1902 and she was he first faculty member to have a Ph.D. degree. In 1990 Ruth was promoted to associate professor but then left Vassar two years later. After leaving Vassar she became the associate principal and head of the mathematics department at a private school in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. She held that position until 1905. Afterward she spent some time as a volunteer nurse. As a nurse she traveled in the United States and Europe. But she became ill and died at the age of 55. Ruth was a member of the American Mathematical Society from 1894 until she died in 1917 in Indianapolis, Indiana.
MS
Name: Linda K. Barrett
Era: 1927-
Branch of mathematics: educator
An interesting fact about the mathematician: She was a member of Harvard’s calculus advisory committee.
How their contribution helps us today, give a real life example of the mathematics, or explain how their contribution has shown up in our studies: She is a member of the Adolescent and Young Adult Mathematics committee. All this helps the people in this class, personally.
Name: Hippocrates of Chios
Era: 470 AD- 410 BC
Branch of mathematics: geometer
An interesting fact about the mathematician: He was an amazing geometer however was considered to be stupid in other aspects.
How their contribution helps us today, give a real life example of the mathematics, or explain how their contribution has shown up in our studies: He discovered many geometrical terms of which I’m sure I will soon learn.
Name: Mina Rees
Era: 1902-1997
Branch of mathematics: head of Mathematics Branch at Office of Naval Recourses.
An interesting fact about the mathematician: First woman president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
How their contribution helps us today, give a real life example of the mathematics, or explain how their contribution has shown up in our studies: Contributed to WWII, Mathematics in itself, but also the world of science.
E.Mu.
Math person 1
His name was Archimedes.
His era was from 287 BC- 212 BC
Geometry is the branch of mathematics he specialized in.
He invented a wide variety of machines. He also invented pulleys and the Archimidean screw pumping device. He was born in Syrause, Italy.
His contributions towards mathematics have helped us with learning about Geometry, which are shapes.
One of his Mathematical method is “If in a cube a cylinder be inscribed which has its bases in the opposite parallelograms [in fact squares] and touches with its surface the remaining four planes (faces), and if there also be inscribed in the same cube another cylinder which has its bases in other parallelograms and touches with its surface the remaining four planes (faces), then the figure bounded by the surfaces of the cylinders, which is within both cylinders, is two-thirds of the whole cube.” I know, it is very complex and confusing. Archimedes’ contribution to Geometry has left us with very complex and confusing ways to decide what a 3-D figure is.
Math person 2
His name was Albert Einstein.
His era was from 1879 – 1955.
He specialized in theories of relativity.
He was born in Ulm, Germany. He created the equation E=MC^2
His theories of relativity are regarded as “the most satisfactory model of the large-scale universe”.
Math person 3
His name was Pythagoras.
His era was from 569 BC – about 475 BC
His branch of mathematics is pre trigonometry and geometry.
He was born is Samos, Greece. He was a Greek Philosopher.
He created the Pythagorean theorem which is used to find the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle when the length of the two legs are given using A^2+B^2=C^2
MG
In the 1700s, also known as the Middle Ages, women were deprived from reading and writing. People thought that an education was a sin or temptation. But for Maria Gaetana Agnesi learning was a most. When Maria became older she started to get into the field of Analytical Institutions, which was differential and integral calculus. She created a textbook for her younger brothers to help them with math. In 1738 her book was published and is a phenomenon in the academic world. The textbook incorporated work of multiple mathematicians combined with her own understandings. An interesting fact about Maria is that by the age of five she could speak French and by the age of nine she could speak several languages including Hebrew, Latin and Greek.
Lenore Blum was born in 1942 and as a young girl loved math, science and art. Once she was old enough she became wanted to encourage more women to get interested in the field of science and math which is exactly what she did. At Mills College she encouraged young women to pursue science and math. She also designed a program for girls to get involved in to learn about math and science, The Math/Science Network is a program she started that now travels nationwide. Believe in or not Lenore was the first female editor of International Journal of Algebra and Computation and she was vice-president of the American Mathematical Society.
Fan Chung was born in 1949 and grew up in Taiwan, when Fan got older she decided to move to the United States. With a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Pennsylvania she wrote a thesis on “Ramsey Numbers in Multi-Colors.” Surprisingly that is not all she accomplished, Fan created two books on the graph theory. An interesting fact about Fan Chung is that in 1990 she won the Allendoefer Award from the Mathematical Association of America because of her articles on expository excellence.
DG
Dorothy Lewis Bernstein was the first woman President of the Mathematical Association of America. Her success came from the University of Wisconsin where she received both her bachelor’s and master’s degree in the year of 1934. She then continued her education at Brown University where she obtained her PhD in mathematics, specifically in “The Double Laplace Integral.” She applied her knowledge to become a professor at Mt. Holyoke College. She held this job for twenty-one years before joining the Goucher faculty in 1959 where she became the department chair. Dorothy was one users of the use of computers in the course of mathematics at the college. She elaborated on this effort and in 1961 Goucher College became the first woman’s college to own a computer. She was one of the three founders of the Maryland Association Educational Uses of Computers. Her contributions introduced computers to high schools in the mathematic curriculum. In addition to this contribution, she also joined many national committees. This is what gave her the position of President of the Mathematical Association.
Sun-Yung Alice Chang contributes to AMS committees. She was born in Cian, China in 1948. International Congress of Mathematicians was where she became a speaker, which allowed her to become a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Sun-Yang has served on various Advisory Panels for Mathematical Sciences of the National Science Foundation. She also contributed to the committees of Noether Lectures for the Association for Women in Mathematics. Her special interests include the study of geometric type nonlinear partial differential equations and related extremal in-equalities and problems in isospectral geometry.
Josephine Burns was the second woman to receive PH.D in mathematics from the University of Illinois. Her hometown was Greenville, Illinois where she received her A.B. and her Masters degree from the University of Illinois. He PH.D in 1913 consisted from her theory on “The abstract definitions of groups of degree 8.” Her thesis was published in the American Journal of Mathematics on April 1915. She later became the state Entomologist for New York where she studied the depth of zoology and insects.
AR
Karen E. Smith is a mathematician that was born in the year 1965. She loved mathematics and didn’t realize that she could become a mathematician until she was in college. She went to college at Princeton University and graduated in the year of 1987. In 2001 she earned an award for her work in commutative algebra and then published a book by the name of: Complexities: Women in Mathematics and she is now a professor at the University of Michigan.
Sophie Piccard was a mathematician that lived between the years 1904 and 1990. She was born in St. Petersburg, Russia to a French-Swiss father and a Russian mother. In the year of 1925, she received her Diploma in Mathematics and the Physical Sciences. She went to college at the University of Smolensk. Due to some social troubles in Russia, she moved with her family to Russia. She joined the faculty at the University of Neuchâtel in Switzerland in 1936 as a part-time lecturer in higher geometry, because of her love for mathematics. For her lecture in the field of actuarial science and the theory of probability she was named a "professor extraordinarius" of higher geometry. Theory of probability is very important in everyday life.
Emma Lehmer was a mathematical that was born in the year of 1906 and died in 2007. She was born in Samara, Russia, but went to college at the University of California at Berkeley. She earned a B.A. with honors in mathematics in the year of 1928. She wrote approximately 60 papers on the number theory, which is what she also studied.
CT
Famous mathematicians have helped us throughout the years of time. They have made major discoveries that have affected the 21st century today. One of those famous mathematicians was Ada Lovelace. Ada Lovelace was born in the 19th century on December 10, 1815 and died on November 27, 1852. She studied science and mathematics. She was a very good scientist that knew a lot of about computers in her century. People said that Lovelace was a heavy drinker and that she gambled regularly. After she died, she was in debt about $2,000. She flirted with other men and it these scandals were covered up by her husband. She contributed the first computer calculator. She had help from Charles Baggage. For example, in mathematics, if you don’t have a calculator for your homework, you use the calculator that was on the computer. She helped invent that so you wouldn’t have to do your math homework by hand.
The next famous mathematician is Elizabeth Stephansen. She was born in Norway during the 19th and 20th century. She was able to get her Ph.D in mathematics and was the first woman in Norway who did. An interesting fact about her is that she published four mathematical papers about partial differential equations and difference equations. She has contributed to mathematics because she has made partial differential equations that deal with unknown functions with several independent variables. An example of this is an equation for the conduction of heat in a one dimension for a homogenous body. We would use this equation in science or for CSI because they might want to know how to find the body temperature of the dead body before it died.
The last and most important mathematician of all was Pythagoras of Samos. Pythagoras was alive during 500 B.C. Pythagoras was a Greek mathematician. He was a very intelligent mathematician, scientist, and mystic. What was so amazing about his was that he was the first person that truly called himself a philosopher, or a lover of wisdom. I found that to be very surprising because he was the exact definition of a true philosopher. Pythagoras is most famous for the Pythagorean Theory. The Pythagorean Theory is an equation that is used to find the base, height, and hypotenuse of a triangle. The equation is a^2+b^2=c^2. The equation is saying that the area of side a, plus the area of side b, will equal the area of side c. An example of this equation being used is when architects use the equation to find the angles or dimensions needed to find the area of a room. He has contributed to the math society in such a way that if it wasn’t for him, finding dimensions of triangles would be harder than ever!
K.A.
Name is Albert Einstein.
Era is March 14, 1879 - April 18, 1955
Branch of mathematics is theory of relativity
An interesting fact about him is that he created the equation e=mc²
His contribution helps us today because we use e=mc² all the time to find out “energy”.
Name is Pythagoras
Era is 569 b.c. – 475 b.c.
His branch of mathematic is Geometry And pretriginomatry
An interesting fact about him is that he discovered the equation a²+b²=c²
His contribution helps us today because we use a²+b²=c² to find out the hypotenuse of triangles all the time.
Name is Thomas Edison
Era is 1847 – 1931
His branch of mathematics is algebra
An interesting fact about him is that he invented the light bulb
His contributions helped us so much today more than a lot of other people because how often do we use a light bulb? About 20/7? And he invented it so he obviously helped us out a lot.
A.L.
Mathematician #1
Leonard Pasino Fibonacci
He was born in the 13th century, and was born in 1770 and died in 1250. He was a Number theorist of the middle ages. Nobody knows what he looks like, so they make guesses of his appearance from his autobiographies. He created decimal number system, which replaced the Roman numeral counting system. His system was also called the Hindu-Arabic numbering system. He used the already existing Hindu numbers 0-9, but made the decimal to make smaller place values, which were not usable with the Roman numerals. Today, decimals are used in very important real life situations. In banks, decimals are used to exactly calculate the amount of interest someone is owed and to calculate the total balance of an account’s money amount.
Mathematician #2
Joseph Fourier
He was born in 1786 and died in 1830. He originally trained to be a priest. He was a French Mathematician and physicist. He was able to show how the heat conducted in our bodies can be analyzed using mathematics. This is an infinite series called the Fourier series. This later was learned that what he had done was a correct theory to heat diffusion. Today’s scientists still use his work in the study of heat diffusion.
Mathematician #3
Joseph Louis Lagrange
He was born in 1736 and died in 1813. He lived to be see full adulthood, which was uncommon of the time. He helped develop today’s modern math. He was a number theorist. He named and developed calculus. He also added to the development of the metric system of measure, while he studied mathematics in Prussia. Today, the metric system is used in many parts of the world for measurements of all kinds. To name a few measurement types, there are meters (length), and liters (volume).
A.H.
The three people that I’m researching are Pythagoras, Albert Einstein, and Leonardo da Vinci.
#1 - Pythagoras –
Pythagoras was an ancient Greek mathematician. He was born between 580 – 572 B.C. and died between 500 – 490 B.C. Little is known about his life, but he is revered to as a great mathematician, scientist, and philosopher. His era is the 6th century B.C. He is most credited for his Pythagorean Theorem, the formula used to calculate the length of a hypotenuse of a right triangle. This could be taken to mean his branch of mathematics is trigonometry. We studied his Theorem in 7th grade in and learned how to calculate hypotenuse lengths from 2 side lengths.
#2 - Albert Einstein –
Albert Einstein is a very famous scientist. He was born March 14, 1879, and died on April 18, 1955 at age 76. He was born in Germany, but he also had citizenship in Switzerland and America. He is most renown for his physics work, which was the specialty of his life. He did much of his work in the early 20th century. One of his most famous contributions is the equation E = mc2. This is used to calculate the energy of an object. We have not studied him in school, but I have done personal projects on him and I’ve learned a lot about him.
#3 - Leonardo da Vinci –
Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 and died 1519. He was most famous for his various mathematics and inventions. He did much of his work in the 15th century. He was considered far ahead of his fellows due to the vast amount of advanced technology in his inventions.
A.H.
JJ
The 3 mathematicians that I decided to talk about are:
Rene Descartes lived in 1596-1650. His father was a Councilor in Parliament and intellectual who made sure he gave his son a good place to learn. Descartes was in the field of graphs. He was the person who made the coordinate plane, which I use for math all the time.
Albert Einstein lived in 1879-1955 His parents were Hermann Einstein and Pauline Einstein. He worked with the theory of relativity. His equation e=mc squared helps us with the topic of mass and energy.
Archimedes lived from 287 to 212 BC. He was also an inventor and his inventions include the lever and he is given credit for the making of the pulley. His branch of mathematics was mostly geometry, but he contributed to calculus as well. His breakthroughs of cylinders and prisms makes it easier for us to learn about them today.
IW
My first mathematician is Albert Einstein. He was born in 1879 and died in 1955. Einstein invented the theory of Relativity. His general theories of relativity are regarded as the most suitable model of the large-scale universe that we have. This contribution has helped us today because it helps scientists to find out how the time goes more slowly at lower gravitational potentials.
My second mathematician is Waclaw Sierpinski. He was born in 1882 and died in 1969. He invented the point set topology and number theory. He made important contributions to the saying of choice and to the range hypothesis. The saying of choice, or axiom of choice, says that anything in a certain space has a basis, it also says that any project of topological lines is compact.. Range hypothesis is the range of which an item can be; such as a grown human can weigh between 80lbs and 2tons. This contribution has helped us today by giving people different senses of dimensions and abilities to find the compactness and connections.
My third mathematician is József Kürschák. He was born in 1864 and died in 1933. He invented the theory of valuations. His theory helps people with stock and making money. The Theory of Valuations helps business leaders find the value of the stock before they buy it so as to not be scammed or ripped off.
IW
Name
Era
Branch of mathematics
an interesting fact about the mathematician
how their contribution helps us today, give a real life example of the mathematics, or explain how their contribution has shown up in our studies.
Archimedes
287 – 212 b.c.
He was the greatest mathematician of his day. He found how to burn ships with mirrors, setting them on fire and even lifting attack ships right up out of the water.
Invented pulleys and Archimidean screw pumping device
He worked with geometry
Integral calculus was thought about, expected by him 2,000 years before anyone else could.
Plato
427 – 347 b.c.
He was a Greek philosopher. He founded the Academy in Athens. He worked on instructing philosophy and science. He was an influence to the foundations of Euclid’s systematic approach to mathematics.
Leonardo De Vinci
1452 – 1519
De Vinci was and artist and a scholar. He was an Italian was a painter who worked on mechanics with geometry. He was maybe the most diverse talented person to ever live. Had ideas of tanks, helicopters, solar power, and the calculator eve in the time period he was in. He outlined a theory on Plate Tectonics.
KG
CVDV
Sir Isaac Newton.
January 4th 1643-march 31st 1727
Physics
Newton is most famous for his 3 laws of motion, but he also developed theories about how light moves.
Newton developed the three laws of motion. One of these laws can be used for determining speed of an object, the force that was exerted in the object, and the mass of the object. This equation we use in science a lot, especially when determining the estimated speed of a projectile.
Leonardo da Vinci
April 15th, 1452-May 2nd 1519
Geometry
da Vinci is most famous for his flying machines, and artwork, but he also created plans for a telescope.
Da Vinci was skilled in geometry, and mechanics. His ideas of early flight later inspired others centuries later. He also wrote books about early mechanics. He also created designs for the telescope, which he called “glasses for which to see the moon better.” Da Vinci’s achievements helped create later advancements in technology.
K.T.
Alright what’s going on Ms. L.
This is your fav. student writing you in I decided to read up on Xenocrates. He was born on 396 BC and he died on 314 BC. As you can tell, he was a math matician from back in the day. He attempted to calculate the total number of syllables which could be made from the letters of the alphabet. He counted 1,002,000,000,000. If true this probably represents the first attempt at solving a combinatorial problem involving permutations.
POW March 14, 2008 J.K.
Anna Irwin Young
Born- November 25, 1873
Died- September 3, 1920
Branch of Mathematics- Physics and Astronomy
Interesting fact- She died unexpectedly from pneumonia while she was visiting relatives in Pittsburgh.
Contribution to today- She just learned all that she could about Physics and Astronomy and taught it to her students which she taught at many schools.
Peter Barlow
Born- 1776 in Norwich, England
Died- March 1, 1862
Branch of Mathematics- Number Theory
Interesting Fact- "230(231-1) is the greatest perfect number that will ever be discovered, for, as they are merely curious without being useful, it is not likely that any person will attempt to find a number beyond it,” is what he said one time. Interesting huh how something so simple for a mathematician is very important to a mathematician.
Contribution to today- Barlow Tables that showed factors, squares, cubes, square roots, reciprocals, and hyperbolic logarithms of numbers 1- 10,000.
Charles Babbage
Born- London, England on December 26, 1791
Died- Unknown
Branch of Mathematics- Mechanical Calculation
Interesting Fact- He suffered from many sicknesses as a child so he went to school at a special school.
Contribution to Today- Invented the “Difference Machine” to create logarithmic tables.
DGT
Hippias of Elis
about 460 BC - about 400 BC
Hippias was born about the middle of the 5th century BC. At Athens he made the acquaintance of Socrates leading thinkers. He claimed to be regarded as an authority on all subjects, and lectured, at all events with financial success, on poetry, grammar, history, politics, archaeology, mathematics and astronomy.
He boasted that he was more popular than Protagoras. There was no question of his ability, but his aim was not to give knowledge, only to provide his students to be able to argue, making them able to win at any debate on any subject. He sometimes said that he never wore anything he didn’t make with his own two hands, even though it might have not been true at certain times.
Plato's two documents, the Hippias Major and Minor, contain an entire documented list of his methods, which sometimes exaggerated the truth a bit, but showed him for the wonderful man he was.
S.S Pow
Albert Einstein
Born 1879 died 1955
Science
He won 7 prizes including the Nobel Prize
We still are thinking about the theory of general relativity today, he won the Nobel prize not for his theory of general relativity witch he is best known for but for his photo
electricity.
John West
Born 1756 died 1817
Physics
He was constantly in financial trouble so he never actually graduated from St. Andrews university.
He was a teacher in Jamaica and managed to bring further education in physics to those in Jamaica
Eratosthenes
Born 276 B.c. died 196 B.c.
Philosopher
He went across the world using shadows to measure things, he measured pyramids in Egypt.
He laid out a calendar that had a leap year, it was one of the first ones, we have leap year on every calendar now.
D.E.
POW for March 14
Leonard Eugene Dickson
Jan 22, 1874- Jan 17, 1954
He was often called L E Dickson.
He worked on finite fields and extended the theory of linear associative algebras initiated by Wedderburn and Cartan. He proved many interesting results in number theory, using results of Vinogradov to deduce the ideal Waring theorem in his investigations of additive number theory.
George Abram Miller
July 31, 1863- Feb 10, 1951
Since his parents did not have the financial means to support him through his studies, George began teaching at the age of seventeen to support himself through College.
Miller was in a group that constructed theory papers enumerate the possible finite groups which satisfy given conditions such as: the prime factors which divide the order, the orders of two generating permutations and their product; the types of subgroups; or the degree of a representation as a permutation group.
Griffith Conrad Evans
May 11, 1887- Dec 8, 1973
At the age of 16 he completed his studies at high school, and made it to Harvard University at which he showed outstanding ability, where in four years he got a first degree.
Evans wrote on mathematical economics, in particular on monopolies, competition and cooperation, taxation, profit, prices, etc.
DGT
Geminus
about 10 BC - about 60
The only work of Geminus to still be around today is his Introduction to the Phenomena, often just called the Isagoge. This introductory astronomy book, based on the works of earlier astronomers such as Hipparchus, was intended to teach astronomy for beginning students in the subject. In it, he describes the zodiac and the motion of the Sun; the constellations; the celestial sphere; days and nights; the risings and settings of the zodiacal signs; luni-solar periods and their application to calendars; phases of the Moon; eclipses; star phases; terrestrial zones and geographical places; and the foolishness of making weather predictions by the stars.
JL2
#1
The name of the mathematician is Suzan Rose Benedict. She was born November 29, 1873 and died April 8, 1942. Her branch of mathematics is she contributed to some math papers/books. An interesting fact about her is in 1914 she was the first women to receive her PhD in mathematics from the University of Michigan. How she helped today is that now there is a prize named after her….The Suzan Rose Benedict prize, it was established in 1942 by the president of Smith College.
#2
The name of the mathematician is Johann Heinrich Lambert. He was born in
1728 and died in 1777. His branch of mathematics is he did algebra. An interesting fact about him is that he and I have the same last name. How he helped today is that he is the first to provide a rigorous proof that π is irrational.
#3 The name of the mathematician is Joseph Marie de Tilly. He was born in 1837 and died in1906. His branch of mathematics is geometry. An interesting fact is that he was a soldier. The way he helped today was he was a Belgian soldier who published works on non-Euclidean geometry.
P.O.W. C.H.
Zeno of Sidon live from 150 B.C. to 70 B.C. He wrote many books about mathematical concepts. Little else is known about him. One of his many writings was actually an atomic theory along with others. A fun fact is that he often contradicted whatever Euclid said. Some things that Zeno discovered and he contributed to us today is that he came up with the theory that any curve is infinitely divisible.
Posidonius was born in 135 B.C. and died in 51 B.C. He was a Greek mathematician, astronomer and philosopher. He had tried to estimate the size of the sun but his theory failed and he was beaten to it. A fun fact is that none of his writings have survived the centuries. Some contributions he’s made are that he also attempted to calculate the circumference of the Earth, he got the wrong answer but he created the equation/theory to find the circumference.
Ahmes lived from 1680 B.C. to 1620 B.C. He was and Egyptian scribe who wrote the Rhind Papyrus which is the first known mathematical document. A fun fact is that the person who discovered this thought that Ahmes was only a scribe and that the papyrus was from 2000 B.C. What was contributed by Ahmes is that his papyrus is the only thing we have written record of on ancient Egyptian mathematics.
SV
Charlotte Elvira Pengra was born on May 30, 1875 and died on February 7, 1916. She wrote and presented a paper on conformal representation of plane curves. She died of breast cancer at age 40 in he parents home.
Before her death, Pengra taught high school at Fox Lake, WI, and was the first woman to receive a Ph. D at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Edwin Powell Hubble was born in 1889 and died in1953. He was a scientist, and even has a crater named after him. He did many things to contribute to science and math today. One was that he measured the diameter of the Andromeda nebula in 1914, and discovered that it’s about a hundred thousand times as far as the nearest stars.
Grace Chisolm Young was born on March 15, 1868 and died on March 29,1944. Grace was very accomplished in calculus. She taught herself trigonometry when she was 14 years old. She also received the Gamble Prize for her work in calculus.
POW
R.B.
My first mathematician’s name is Eduardo Zeckendorf. Eduardo Zeckendorf lived in the 1900’s. He was in the branch of mathematics for Fibonacci numbers. An interesting fact about this mathematician is that he was a prisoner of war in the after the Belgiums surrendered in 1940-1945. Eduardo Zeckendorf helped us today by coming up with the Zeckendorf’s Theory dealing with Fibonacci numbers.
My second mathematician’s name is Bela Kerekjarto. He lived from the late1800’s to 1900’s. My person’s branch of mathematics was in the topology section. An interesting fact about this mathematician is that Bela Kerekjarto wrote about topology, and most of the writing had basic errors. Bela Kerekjarto helps us today because he wrote books about topology. Even though the books may have had mistakes, we could still understand what he was writing about.
My third mathematician’s name is Charles Fox. He lived from 1897 to 1977. Charles Fox’s branch of mathematics was with integers and hypergeomotry. An interesting fact about Charles Fox is that he wrote only one book, “An introduction to the calculus of variations”. Charles Fox helped contribute to my studies by helping with integer equations.
Conon was born on Samos, Ionia, and possibly died in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt, where he was court astronomer to Ptolemy III Euergetes. He named the constellation Coma Berenices ("Berenice's Hair") after Ptolemy's wife Berenice II. She sacrificed her hair in exchange for her husband's safe return from the Third Syrian War, which began in 246 BCE. When the lock of hair disappeared, Conon explained that the goddess had shown her favor by placing it in the sky. Not all Greek astronomers accepted the designation. In Ptolemy's Almagest, Coma Berenices is not listed as a distinct constellation. However, Ptolemy does attribute several seasonal indications (parapegma) to Conon. Conon was a friend of the mathematician Archimedes who he probably met at Alexandria.
Pappus states that the spiral of Archimedes was discovered by Conon. Apollonius of Perga reported that Conon worked on conic sections, and his work became the basis for Apollonius' fourth book of the Conics. Apollonius further reports that Conon sent some of his work to Thrasydaeus, but that it was incorrect. Since this work has not survived it is impossible to assess the accuracy of Apollonius' comment.
In astronomy, Conon wrote in seven books his De astrologia, including observations on solar eclipses. Ptolemy further seventeen "signs of the seasons" to Conon, although this may not have been given in De astrologia. Seneca writes that "Conon was a careful observer and that he "recorded solar eclipses observed by the Egyptians"[1], although the accuracy of this statement is doubted. The Roman Catullus writes that Conon "discerned all the lights of the vast universe, and disclosed the risings and settings of the stars, how the fiery brightness of the sun is darkened, and how the stars retreat at fixed times.
HR
Leonardo De Vinci
April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519
He was an Italian polymath, a scientist, musician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, botanist, mathematician and writer. He worked on mechanics with geometry as a painter. As an engineer, Leonardo thought idea’s way ahead of his own time, conceptualizing a helicopter, a tank, concentrated solar power, a calculator, and outlining the theory of plate tectonics. He is believed to be one of the most talented men to live
Rene Descartes
March 31, 1596 – February 11, 1650
He was a highly influential French philosopher, mathematician, scientist, and writer. He has been dubbed the "Father of Modern Philosophy" and the "Father of Modern Mathematics”. The Cartesian coordinate system that is used in plane geometry and algebra being named for him, and he was one of the key figures in the Scientific Revolution.
Elizabeth Buchanan Cowly
Era-1847-1945
Branch-Astronomy
She figured out the definitive orbit of a comet. This probably helps many
astronomers today to figure out when comets are going to pass by.
Cora Barbara Hennel
Era- 1886-1947
Branch- Algebra
She went to the University of Indiana. Her thesis was about linear and other equations. She helped with the equations that we are doing today in class.
Hertha Marks Ayrton
Era-1854-1923
Branch-
She was very very smart and good at solving problems. She started math groups and was a tutor.
EMK
C.C.
Albert Einstein
1879-1955
Relativity
Won Nobel Peace Prize in 1921
Einstein’s large scale model of the universe still has the most satisfactory for a model of a large scale universe
Stephen William Hawking
1942-
General Relativity and Cosmology
Won LMS Naylor Prize 1999
Using quantum theory Hawking’s discovered that black holes can emit radiation.
Leonardo Da Vinci
1452-1519
Geometry
Was also a scholar and a painter.
Da Vinci gave several ways of squaring a circle.
Sm
Susan Jane Cunningham was a bright lady who was born March 23, 1842 and died January 24, 1921. She was interested in mathematics and astronomy and she encouraged others to learn astronomy, too. She was outgoing and always involved with her work. In 1869 Susan helped to begin the astronomy and mathematics for Swarthmore College. Soon in 1888 Swarthmore was presented with a degree of Doctor of Science. (the first degree of that kind ever given out at that school)
Cunningham later planned and equipped the first observatory in Swarthmore and was recognized by one of her former students, William Sproul.
In 1891 Cunningham was chosen to be a member of the New York Mathematical Society, and she was one of the first six women to join this group. She was a member until her death in 1921.
Elizabeth Street Dickerman was born in New Haven, Connecticut and grew up in Amherst, Massachusetts. She was born November 13 1872 and died April 24, 1965. In 1896 she became the second woman to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics from Yale University. Her dissertation was on “Curves of the First and Second Degree in X,Y,Z where X,Y,Z are Conics Having Two Points in Common”. While teaching at Connecticut University she was elected an alumna member of the Smith Chapter Of Phi Beta Kappa in 1915. Also in 1915 she published the book of poetry, “Songs of Brittany” and many other books
JB
POW
First Mathematician:
The mathematicians name is Theano and she lived in the sixth century B.C. The branch of math she worked on was she wrote treatises on math, physics, medicine and child psychology. An interesting fact about her is that she carried on the school of Pythagoras after he died. If she wouldn’t have done that we might’ve not understood it as well as we do. Her math involved the things that Pythagoras taught
Second mathematician:
The name of the mathematician Is Argelia Velez-Rodriguez. She lives today and has been the director of education in America since 1980. An interesting fact about her is that she was born 1936 in Havana Cuba; the help of today is that she is the director of education. The math that she does is pretty much everything because she use to be a teacher.
Third Mathematician:
Margaret Wright, she lives in the times of today. The branch of math that she worked in was mostly science and computing. An interesting fact about Margaret Wright is that she was the president of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. One of her helps is that she has written almost fifty technical reports for Stanford and Bell laboratories. Her math involves Optimization, Linear Algebra, Numerical and Scientific Computing, and also Scientific and Engineering Applications.
M.G.
P.O.W
My mathematicians name is Galileo Galilei. He was born in 1564 and he died in 1662. Galileo is involved with Astronomy and Astronomy is his branch of mathematics. An interesting fact about Galileo is that he was the first to try to make the pendulum clock, which he did a few years before he died. Galileo has helped the world today by reinventing the telescope to zoom enough to observe things that we still observe today.
My mathematicians name is Pythagoras of Samos. He was born in the year 569 BC and he died in the 475 BC (about). Pythagoras was a Greek Philosopher. An interesting fact about Pythagoras is that he made developments in mathematics, astronomy, and the theory of music. Pythagoras helps in today’s world by the Pythagorean Theorem. Where you have two sides of a triangle and you square those and add and you get the other side squared.
My mathematicians name is Annie Hutton Numbers. She was born in 1897 and she died in 1988. Numbers is in Natural Philosophy and chemistry. An interesting fact about Numbers is that she was a teacher at a University after she got her degrees. Numbers has help today is by teaching and giving those kids she taught to have the knowledge to change the world.
AH
Name: Liu Hui
Era: 220-280
Branch: Decimals
Interesting Fact: He was the first known mathematician to leave roots unevaluated to give more exact results.
How Contributions Help: It helps our math today because instead of getting an approximate value, we get more exact results.
Name: Pythagoras of Samos
Era: 569-475BC
Branch: Pythagorean Theorem
Interesting Fact: Pythagoras is described as the first pure mathematician. There are also no records of him and is known as a mysterious figure today.
How Contributions Help Today: It helps our math today by helping us find the missing side length of a right triangle.
Name: Ptolemy
Era: 85-165
Branch: geometry
Interesting Fact: He was one of the most influential Greek astronomers and geographers of his time
How Contributions Help Today: He perfected the spherical and plane trigonometry.
BJ
March 14, 2008
Period 8-9
POW
1. Abigail Thompson is a mathematician. She was born on June 30, 1958. Her date of death is unknown. Abigail’s branch of mathematics is 3-dimensional topology. An interesting fact is that Abigail was given the 2003 AMS Scatter prize from the American Mathematical Society. This award is only given every two years. Her contribution helped us by recognizing the problem for S3. These are Abigail Thompson’s accomplishments in mathematics.
2. Charlotte Barnum is another mathematician. She was born May 17, 1860. She died on March 27, 1934. Charlotte joined the American Mathematical Society in 1894. She made a book called Functions Having Lines or Surfaces of Discontinuity. Barnum helped by doing editorial work for Yale Peruvian Expedition.
3. Joseph Fourier is a famous mathematician and historian. He was born on March 21, 1768 and died on May 16, 1830. His branch of mathematics is a function of variables. An interesting fact is that he went on an expedition in 1798. During that time, Joseph was made governor of Lower Egypt. He helped us with the discovery in 1824 that surface temperature of the Earth is affected by gases in the atmosphere.
Resources
http://www.agnesscott.edu/Lriddle/women/thompson.htm
http://www.agnesscott.edu/Lriddle/women/barnum.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourier
From K.A. to M.G.
guess who :P
answers-
1. 7 or 8 depending on how much you have
2.We use either the red or green book, and about 1-2 chapters a week
3.I like all of them except My social studies teacher and the P.E. teacher. My social studies teacher can get off track a lot, but he's still a good teacher. The P.E. teacher always stops the game even if it's just a small group is doing something wrong. But he's a 5th-8th grade teacher so probably already know.
from K.A. to R.B.
Answers-
1. Depending if you have classwork as homework too, but if you only have homework it should take around one to two hours if you work out each problem to the best of your abilities.
2. Homework-8
classwork-6
3.either a 7 or 8
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